Metropolis (Métropole) (muh-TROP-uh-lis)
A very large and busy city or metropolitan area.
London is a sprawling metropolis.

Megacity (Mégapole) (MEG-uh-sit-ee)
A very large city, typically one with a population of more than ten million people.
Tokyo is a well-known megacity.

Urban Sprawl (Expansion urbaine) (UR-ban sprawl)
The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
Urban sprawl can lead to environmental issues.

Gentrification (Gentrification) (jen-tri-fi-KAY-shun)
The process of renovating and improving a district so that it conforms to middle-class taste.
Gentrification has changed the character of the neighborhood.

Zoning (Zonage) (ZOH-ning)
Dividing an area into zones or sections reserved for different purposes.
The city council implemented new zoning regulations.

Transit-Oriented Development (Développement axé sur le transport en commun) (TRAN-sit OR-ee-ent-ed dih-VEL-uhp-muhnt)
Development maximizing residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transport.
The new development follows principles of transit-oriented development.

Brownfield Site (Friche industrielle) (BROWN-field syte)
A former industrial or commercial site where future use is affected by contamination.
The old factory was redeveloped as a brownfield site.

Green Infrastructure (Infrastructure verte) (green IN-fruh-struhk-cher)
A network of natural and semi-natural areas delivering ecosystem services.
The city invested in green infrastructure to improve air quality.

Urban Renewal (Rénovation urbaine) (UR-ban ri-NOO-uhl)
The redevelopment of areas within an urban area.
The downtown area underwent significant urban renewal.

Placemaking (Aménagement d'espaces publics) (PLEYS-mayk-ing)
A multi-faceted approach to the planning, design, and management of public spaces.
Placemaking initiatives aim to create vibrant community hubs.

Cosmopolitan (Cosmopolite) (koz-muh-POL-i-tan)
Familiar with and at ease in many different countries and cultures.
New York City has a very cosmopolitan atmosphere.

Anonymity (Anonymat) (an-uh-NIM-i-tee)
The state of being anonymous.
The anonymity of the city can be both liberating and isolating.

Social Cohesion (Cohésion sociale) (SOH-shuhl koh-HEE-zhun)
The way people form social relationships and get along.
Efforts are being made to improve social cohesion in diverse neighborhoods.

Cultural Diversity (Diversité culturelle) (KUHL-chuh-ruhl dy-VUR-si-tee)
The existence of a variety of cultural or ethnic groups within a society.
The city is known for its rich cultural diversity.

Urban Decay (Décadence urbaine) (UR-ban dih-KAY)
The process by which a previously functioning city falls into disrepair.
Many older industrial cities have experienced urban decay.

Social Stratification (Stratification sociale) (SOH-shuhl strat-i-fi-KAY-shun)
A system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy.
Social stratification is evident in the city's different districts.

Public Realm (Espace public) (PUH-blik relm)
The parts of a city that are open and accessible to all members of the public.
The quality of the public realm significantly impacts city life.

Segregation (Ségrégation) (seg-ri-GAY-shun)
The action or state of setting someone or something apart from others.
Historically, many cities have faced issues of residential segregation.

Community Resilience (Résilience communautaire) (kuh-MYOO-ni-tee ri-ZIL-yuhns)
The sustained ability of a community to withstand and recover from adverse situations.
Community resilience is crucial for dealing with urban challenges.

Collective Efficacy (Efficacité collective) (kuh-LEK-tiv EF-i-kuh-see)
The ability of community members to control the behavior of individuals and groups.
High levels of collective efficacy can reduce crime rates in a city.

Public Utilities (Services publics) (PUH-blik yoo-TIL-i-teez)
Services such as water, electricity, gas, and sewerage.
The city provides essential public utilities to its residents.

Mass Transit (Transport en commun) (mas TRAN-sit)
Public transportation, especially in a city.
The city's mass transit system includes buses, trains, and subways.

Sanitation System (Système d'assainissement) (san-i-TAY-shun SIS-tem)
The provision of clean conditions through sewage disposal and refuse collection.
A well-maintained sanitation system is vital for public health.

Grid System (Plan en damier) (grid SIS-tem)
A pattern of streets intersecting at right angles.
Many North American cities are laid out on a grid system.

Sustainable Infrastructure (Infrastructure durable) (suh-STAY-nuh-buhl IN-fruh-struhk-cher)
Infrastructure designed to ensure economic, social, and environmental sustainability.
The city is investing in sustainable infrastructure for the future.

Telecommunications Network (Réseau de télécommunications) (TEL-uh-kuh-myoo-ni-KAY-shunz NET-werk)
The infrastructure used to provide telecommunication services.
A robust telecommunications network is essential for a modern city.

Waste Management (Gestion des déchets) (wayst MAN-ij-muhnt)
The collection, transport, processing, or disposal of waste materials.
Efficient waste management is a challenge for large cities.

Water Treatment Plant (Station d'épuration de l'eau) (WAW-ter TREET-muhnt plant)
A facility that cleans and purifies water.
The city's water treatment plant ensures safe drinking water.

Power Grid (Réseau électrique) (POW-er grid)
A network of electrical transmission lines.
The power grid connects the city to various energy sources.

Fiber Optic Network (Réseau de fibre optique) (FY-ber OP-tik NET-werk)
A network infrastructure that uses fiber optic cables to transmit data.
The city has a high-speed fiber optic network.